Assessing mode choice between public and shared mobility options.

Abstract

This study investigates the key factors influencing commuters' mode choices between public transport and shared mobility options, such as app-based cabs and local autorickshaws, in Bhubaneswar. As tier-2 cities experience rapid urbanization driven by migration in search of better employment opportunities and an enhanced quality of life, public transport systems are struggling to meet the growing demand. This increasing vehicle ownership is reducing commuters’ reliance on public transport, placing further pressure on the already strained infrastructure. With this context, the research explores how these changing dynamics affect commuters’ preferences for different transport modes. The methodology integrates a multi-stage approach that combines objective and subjective data. Initially, an extensive literature review identified various factors influencing mode choice, including socio-demographic characteristics, travel behaviours, and the built environment. A pilot study was conducted in Bhubaneswar to refine and validate these factors, which were then grouped into categories such as travel characteristics, trip chaining, and psychological factors. Data collected through structured surveys was analyzed using a Multinomial Logistic Regression (MNL) model to identify the significant variables that determine mode choice. This model was further refined by incorporating subjective responses obtained from open-ended survey questions, where commuters provided insights into their reasons for not using certain modes of transport. The second phase of the study focused on understanding the relationship between trip chaining behavior and mode choice. Trip chaining, where individuals link multiple destinations within a single journey, was analyzed using a Binary Logit Model to identify significant predictors of complex trip behavior. The findings were integrated into the MNL model to improve predictions of mode choice. The final econometric model incorporated both objective and subjective factors, offering a comprehensive view of the factors influencing mode selection. The results of this study provide valuable insights into how socio-demographic factors, travel preferences, and perceived convenience influence commuters’ choices. The findings highlight that factors such as trip complexity, travel costs, and availability of transport options significantly impact the use of public versus shared mobility services. The research contributes to better understanding the factors that drive mode choice and provides practical recommendations for improving transportation systems in Bhubaneswar. These insights can also be applied to other urban contexts, facilitating more effective urban and transport planning and helping to better integrate public and shared mobility options for sustainable urban mobility. Keywords: Public transport, Shared Mobility, Trip Chaining, Mode Choice, Commuter Preference